Some empirical results are now available from the mass vaccinations campaigns in the United Kingdom and Israel. The U.K. is showing that even the first dose of the AstraZeneca or Pfizer vaccines can cut the number of transmissions and infections by two-thirds. (This is coherent with an earlier study that showed AstraZeneca with a 67% efficacy three weeks after the first dose.) The reductions in transmissions and infections were the highest amongst the elderly. The outbreaks in care homes were cut in half in one week.