After convicting Russia of aggressive warfare and other transgressions against the “rules-based international order,” the NATO summit communiqué turns to China. “The People’s Republic of China’s stated ambitions and coercive policies challenge our interests, security and values,” it declares. “The P.R.C. employs a broad range of political, economic, and military tools to increase its global footprint and project power, while remaining opaque about its strategy, intentions and military build-up. The P.R.C.’s malicious hybrid and cyber operations and its confrontational rhetoric and disinformation target Allies and harm Alliance security. The P.R.C. seeks to control key technological and industrial sectors, critical infrastructure, and strategic materials and supply chains. It uses its economic leverage to create strategic dependencies and enhance its influence. It strives to subvert the rules-based international order, including in the space, cyber and maritime domains.”