A study commissioned by the German association of family-owned firms has found out that production in energy-intensive sectors in 2025 is 20% lower than it was in 2022. The study was conducted by Prof. Friedrich Heinemann, head of the research unit “Corporate Taxation and Public Finance” at ZEW Mannheim economic research institute.
The main energy-intensive industries are: chemical, iron and steel, mineral (concrete, glass, ceramic), paper.
According to the study, German firms pay a much higher price for electricity than U.S. firms do, but an average price in the EU. However, they pay a higher price than their EU competitors for gas.
